Terms, Acronyms, and Abbreviations

AccDECS

Accelerator for Device Edge Cloud Synergy, a device-edge-cloud collaboration accelerator.

AI

Artificial intelligence.

AI is a type of computer technology which is concerned with making machines work in an intelligent way, similar to the way that the human mind works.

APIG

API gateway.

Ascend EP

Ascend Endpoint. Ascend EPs are Ascend AI Processors that serve as secondary devices, for example, PCIe accelerator cards.

They work with the primary devices (x86 or Arm servers) for purposes such as inference, training, and image recognition.

Ascend RC

Ascend Root Complex. Ascend RC indicates Ascend AI Processors that serve as the primary devices, for example, the Atlas 200 DK.

They provide the host control function and are mainly applicable to mobile devices.

CA

Certificate authority.

An organization that issues and authenticates certificates, and manages issued certificates.

CC

Cluster computing

CCAE

Cluster computer autonomous engine

DDP

Distributed data parallel.

Use GPUs or NPUs on one or more machines for parallel computing.

DECS

Device edge cloud synergy.

DL

Deep learning.

A branch of machine learning. It is a set of algorithms that attempt to perform high-level data abstraction using multiple processing layers composed of complex structures or multiple non-linear transformations.

Docker

Docker is an open-source containerization platform. It enables developers to package applications into containers—standardized executable components that combine application source code with all the OS libraries and dependencies required to run the code in any environment.

Dockerfile

Dockerfile is a text file used to build images. The text content contains the instructions and descriptions required for building images.

Docker image

Docker image is a special file system. In addition to the programs, libraries, resources, and configuration files required for running containers, a Docker image also contains some configuration parameters (such as anonymous volumes, environment variables, and users) required for container runtime.

DP

Data parallelism.

EP

Endpoint.

A type of communication network node, such as the NIC with the PCIe interface and SATA controller.

GPU

Graphics processing unit.

GPU is a microprocessor that performs image and graphics computing on PCs, workstations, game consoles, and mobile devices such as tablets and smartphones.

ICS

Intellectual collaborative service.

ISV

Independent software vendor.

KMC

Key management CBB, which is a key management component.

KMC is designed to implement code sharing and simplify development for key management. This module implements basic functions such as key encryption and decryption, facilitating quick integration of the key function.

KubeEdge

KubeEdge is an open source system for extending native containerized application orchestration capabilities to hosts at Edge. It is built upon Kubernetes and provides fundamental infrastructure support for network, application deployment and metadata synchronization between cloud and edge.

Kubernetes

Kubernetes is an open source system that automatically deploys, extends, and manages containerized applications. It aims to provide a platform for automatic deployment, expansion, and running of application containers across a host cluster.

LLM

Large language model

Blueprint

A collection of views, templates, and static files used to implement a single application.

minio

Basic object storage service component

OCK

Open computing kit

OM

Offline model

ONNX

Open Neural Network Exchange.

OS

Operating system

RAM

Random access memory.

A type of semiconductor-based memory that can be read and written by the CPU or other hardware devices. The storage locations can be accessed in any order.

RC

Root complex.

In a PCIe system, an RC device connects the processor and memory subsystem to the PCIe switch fabric composed of one or more switch devices. Similar to a host bridge in a PCI system, the root complex generates transaction requests on behalf of the processor, which is interconnected through a local bus. RC functionality may be implemented as a discrete device, or may be integrated with the processor.

Runtime

A runtime runs in the app process space and provides apps with functions such as memory management, device management, stream management, event management, and kernel execution for devices equipped with the Ascend AI Processor or BS9SX1A AI ProcessorSoC.

SDK

Software development kit.

A set of software development tools for software engineers to create application software for specific software packages, software frameworks, hardware platforms, and operating systems.

SMP

Symmetric multi-processing.

A group of processors (multiple CPUs) are integrated on a computer to share the memory subsystem and bus structure. The operating system must support multi-task and multi-thread processing so that the SMP system can achieve high performance. In databases, SMP indicates that queries are concurrently executed based on the multi-thread technology, efficiently using all CPU resources and improving query performance.

SoC

System on chip.

A key technology that lowers the cost of ENPs. The packet forwarding function of a switch board is integrated to a chip, implementing flexibility at low cost.

SSL

Secure Sockets Layer.

A security protocol that works at a socket layer. This layer exists between the TCP layer and the application layer to encrypt or decrypt data and authenticate concerned entities.

WFE

Workflow engine.