已经解决了，感谢各位。

from ultralytics import YOLO

import argparse
import os
import sys
from pathlib import Path

import torch
import torch_npu
from torch_npu.contrib import transfer_to_npu

torch.npu.config.allow_internal_format = False
torch.npu.set_compile_mode(jit_compile=False)

FILE = Path(__file__).resolve()
ROOT = FILE.parents[0]  # YOLOv8 root directory
if str(ROOT) not in sys.path:
    sys.path.append(str(ROOT))  # add ROOT to PATH
ROOT = Path(os.path.relpath(ROOT, Path.cwd()))  # relative


if __name__ == "__main__":
    # Load a model
    model = YOLO(ROOT / 'ultralytics/cfg/models/v8/yolov8.yaml').load('yolov8n.pt')

    # Train the model
    model.train(
        data='./wildlife/data.yaml',
        epochs=100,
        imgsz=640,
        batch=4,
        device=0,
        workers=2,
    )

# 容器启动命令：
docker run -itd \
  --name ultralytics-server \
  --net=host \
  --shm-size=10g \
  --privileged=true \
  --device /dev/davinci0 \
  --device /dev/davinci1 \
  --device /dev/davinci_manager \
  --device /dev/devmm_svm \
  --device /dev/hisi_hdc \
  -v /usr/local/dcmi:/usr/local/dcmi \
  -v /usr/local/Ascend/driver/tools/hccn_tool:/usr/local/Ascend/driver/tools/hccn_tool \
  -v /usr/local/bin/npu-smi:/usr/local/bin/npu-smi \
  -v /usr/local/Ascend/driver/lib64/:/usr/local/Ascend/driver/lib64/ \
  -v /usr/local/Ascend/driver/version.info:/usr/local/Ascend/driver/version.info \
  -v /etc/ascend_install.info:/etc/ascend_install.info \
  -v /usr/local/Ascend/driver:/usr/local/Ascend/driver \
  -v /usr/local/Ascend/add-ons:/usr/local/Ascend/add-ons \
  -v /data:/data \
  swr.cn-south-1.myhuaweicloud.com/ascendhub/cann:8.3.rc1-910-ubuntu22.04-py3.11 \
  bash

# 替换容器内ubuntu的apt源
cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak
sed -i 's#http://ports.ubuntu.com/#http://mirrors.aliyun.com/#g' /etc/apt/sources.list
cat /etc/apt/sources.list
apt-get update

#安装系统依赖
apt-get install cmake gcc g++ libgtk2.0-dev libgtk-3-dev libpng-dev libjpeg-dev libopenexr-dev libtiff-dev libwebp-dev unzip vim tree


按照这个装ultralytics可以调用NPU跑起来，速度很快：https://gitcode.com/Ascend/modelzoo-GPL/tree/master/built-in/PyTorch/Official/cv/object_detection/Yolov8_for_PyTorch